Is utilising incantations permissible? Especially black beads worn around the wrist of babies? |
General / Miscellaneous - Beliefs | |||
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Normal 0 false false false EN-ZA X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:3.7pt; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; text-align:right; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-ZA;} Q: 319 ? Title: Is utilising incantations permissible? Especially black beads worn around the wrist of babies? Question Assalaamu Alaykum wa Rahmatullaahi wa Barakatuhu, 1:
Answer In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. As-sal?mu ?alaykum wa-rahmatull?hi wa-barak?tuh.
We refer to your observation on our fatwa regarding incantations and black beads.? At the outset we want to express our gratitude for engaging us further.
The Arabic term to what you are referring to is tamaa?im. ?Tamaa?im are defined by Hafidh Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaani (may Allah have mercy upon him), the famous commentator of Sahih al-Bukhari as: ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? (??? ?????? ?? 10 ? 221??? ??????)
?Beads or a string tied around the neck.? (Fath al-Bari 10/221 Dar al-Hadith)
To read a hadith without reading the commentaries of the muhaditheen is akin to taking medicine without reading the dosage instructions.
There are many authentic ahaadith pointing to the permissibility of using incantations in general:
Anas Ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: ?The Prophet (salutations and peace be upon him) allowed incantations against evil eye, poison, and wounds.?[i]
Jaabir (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that when the Prophet (salutations and peace be upon him) prohibited incantation, the ?family of ?Amr ibn?Hazm ?came to him and said, ?We know an incantation which we used to recite for curing scorpion stings.? They recited the incantation for him, and he said,??I do not see anything wrong with it. Whoever among you is able to help his brother should do so.?[ii]
Awf ibn Maalik al-Ashja?ee (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ?We used to make incantations during the times of ignorance, so we said, ?O Messenger of Allaah, what is your opinion on this matter?? He replied,??Let me hear your incantations, for incantations which do not have shirk in them are fine.? [iii]
Imam Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) clearly states that using amulets is permissible and establishes the chapter titled ?Chapter of the permissibility of using incantations as long as there is not shirk involved.?[iv]
However, Ibn?Hajar pointed out that ?Awf?s narration in which the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said,??Incantations which do not have shirk in them are fine.?? This indicates that any?ruqyah?which leads to?shirk?is prohibited, and there is no way of knowing if incomprehensible?ruqya (incantation)?contain?shirk?or not. Therefore, such?ruqya (incantation)?are also prohibited as a precaution.[v]
As for tamaa?im, it is narrated from Amr ibn Shu?ayb, from his father, from his grandfather (Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas (Allah be pleased with them all), that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) used to teach them (the Sahabah) for fearful situations the following words:
The practice of Abdullah ibn Amr (Allah be pleased with them) is further evidence of the permissibility of using beads (tamaa?im).
This clearly illustrates that using beads (tamaa?im) was a common practice.? The reason for the prohibition was the words which contained words of shirk.
If we were to class amulets and incantations an outright bid?ah and a practice of shirk, does that mean companions of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) were committing shirk in the presence of the Prophet?
In addition, there are contradictory ahaadith in relation to amulets.? In view of the apparent inconsistencies in the ahaadith relating to amulets, the muhaditheen have harmonised the different ahaadith.
Ibn?Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) said, ?The scholars are unanimous that?ruqya?is permissible if [the following] three conditions are met: 1)???? Only the words of Allah (Quraan), names or attributes can be used. 2)???? It must be in [comprehensible] Arabic or intelligible words in another language. 3)???? Those taking part must believe that the incantation cannot have an independent effect, but it is Allah who causes it to have effect.?[vii]
The ahaadith which render the usage of amulets as shirk is due to the corrupt belief that amulets had the innate capacity to cause benefit and cause harm. [viii]
You quoted the hadith narrated by Imam Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah :
???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????[ix] Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) states whilst commentating on this hadith: ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?It has only been classed as shirk because they intended to avert harm and acquire benefit from other than Allah.? Those incantations which are composed of the names of Allah and His Word will be excluded from this statement.? The usage of such incantations have been established in the ahaadith.?[x]
You made a reference to the hadith narrated by Imam Ahmed as follows:
???? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? Although this hadith has been classed as weak, it has been narrated by many other scholars.? Haakim narrates it in his Mustadrak, al-Bayhaqi in his al-Kubraa and at-Tabraani in his al-kabeer.? The great muhaddith Allamah al-Manaawi comments on the hadith as follows after narrating two ahaadith of the same nature:
(?????) ??? ??? ??? ????? : ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????[xi]
The purport of this hadith and that which has been narrated before is to tie that which has no portion of the Quraan and the like thereof.? As for that which has the mention of Allah in it, there is not a prohibition from using that.? It has been made permissible to seek the blessings of Allah and to seek the refuge of Almighty Allah.
The final hadith you quoted was:
???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? (???? ???? ???? ????)
The famous commentator Allamah Sindhi remarks on this hadith with the following:
??? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? [xii] ?al-waahinah is pain experienced in the arm.? People would seek refuge from the pain by using amulets.? The Prophet (salutations and peace be upon him) forbade his companion from using this because he had the belief that the amulet would grant him recovery. (Paraphrased)
The issue in reference is not of afdhaliyyah (more virtuous.? It is of mubah (permissibility). ?While it is clear from the above quotations that using beads to ward of evil with prescribed conditions is permissible.? Nothing is equivalent to supplications mentioned in the Quran and Ahaadith.[xiii] There are two extremes; one group over indulges in the usage of amulets.? Another group erroneously classes everything as shirk and bid?ah.? We need to have moderation and be from those who don?t rely on amulets but yet acknowledge their permissibility based on academic quotations and references. Shari?ah is based on academics and not on emotions. And Allah Ta??la Knows Best
[i] ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? (???? ????) [ii] ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????????(???? ????)
[iii] ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????(???? ????) [iv] ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (?? ???? ????) [v] ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? (??? ?????? ?? 10 ? 122 ??? ??????) ???? ??????? 8/255 ??? ??? ???? [vi] ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? (??? ??? ???? ? 6 ?40 ??? ??????? ????????) [vii] ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? (??? ?????? ?? 10 ? 122 ??? ??????)
[viii] ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? (??? ?????? ?? 10 ? 122 ??? ??????) [ix] ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? 3883 ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? 3530 [x] ??? ?????? ?? 10 ? 122 ??? ?????? [xi] ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?8 ? 186 ??? ?????? [xii] ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?4 ? 129 ??? ???????) [xiii] Aap ke masaa?il awr un ka hal 1/453 , masaa?il raf?at qaasami 6/63
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